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Nobody lived on the Seychelles until the 17th century. In 1609, a British East India ship made landfall, and in the next few years shiploads of pirates moved their operations to the Indian Ocean from the Caribbean and used the islands as their base.
In 1742 the governor of Mauritius, Mahé de La Bourdonnais, sent a ship to check out the islands. Ship's captain Picault named the main island after his governor and laid the way for the French to claim the islands 12 years later. In 1770 the first load of French settlers and slaves arrived on the island and started growing spices, cassava, sugar cane, coffee, sweet potatoes and maize, as well as harvesting the giant tortoise.
By the end of the 18th century, the islands were looking pretty choice and the British were taking an interest. The governor at the time, de Quinssy, lowered the French flag and gave in when attack looked imminent, but the British sailed on and de Quinssy raised the flag again. This happened 12 times until 1814, when Britain took charge of the Seychelles after the Napoleonic Wars. The main feature of British rule was an increase in the number of slaves and high-class political prisoners - French remained the main language and French culture lived on.
In 1964 the Seychelles' first political parties were formed - France Albert René formed the Seychelles People's United Party, while James Mancham led the Seychelles Democratic Party. The SDP, the party of the planters and business people, won the 1966 and 1970 elections, defeating the socialist SPUP. In 1976 the country was made independent and the two parties formed a coalition to run the place: Sir Jim became president and René prime minister. The president set out to make the Seychelles the luxury destination - Sir Jim mixed it up with the jetset at resorts around the world, and pretty soon the rich and gorgeous were pouring in to party, party, party. But the prime minister was concerned that not enough of the wealth was making it down to the country's working folk, and on 5 June 1977 René carried out an almost bloodless coup, shoring up his new-found power by shipping in Tanzanian and North Korean soldiers.
In 1981 a group of South African mercenaries tried to invade the country, but were found out at the airport, where they shot two people and hijacked a plane to get home. René outlawed the SDP and its supporters, who set up resistance movements in the UK, South Africa and Australia. The tourist trade dried up as a campaign of bombings and murders, as well as the occasional coup attempt, gathered force.
In December 1991 René surprised his opponents (and, quite probably, his supporters) by legalising opposition parties, perhaps in response to pressure from the country's main aid-donors. Elections were held in 1992, under Commonwealth observation, and René secured the vote. Mancham, surrounded by SAS security men, got a third of the vote and claimed the elections were rigged.
A new constitution was implemented to support the new multiparty system, but René coontinued to dominate politics. His election victory in 2001 prompted the opposition leader, Wavel Ramkalawan, to dismiss the result, accusing the government of corruption and voter intimidation.
In recent years the country has been dogged by a chronic foreign-exchange shortage and high inflation. Tourist numbers remain relatively high, though the Seychelles is facing increasing competition from cheaper destinations in the region, such as Madagascar and Mauritius. The fiscal pressures imposed by globalisation forces and neo-liberal economic policies have led to the steady erosion of the welfare state and the devaluation of the currency. The government tried to head the economy in a new direction by making the Seychelles a tax haven, prompting some 4000 companies to register in the country.
Parliamentary elections in 2002 saw another victory for René's party, but the opposition Seychelles National Party managed to increase its representation from one to 11 seats. The René era finally came to an end in April 2004, when the president resigned and was succeeded by former vice-president James Michel.
Though more than 7000km (4500mi) from its epicentre, the Seychelles islands suffered widespread damage in the wake of the Indian Ocean tsunami in December 2004. Fishing and tourism infrastructure were all affected by tidal waves, which caused millions of dollars damage to roads, buildings and fishing boats. Thankfully, the loss of life was minimal.
